Shahin Ketabi

Introduction and purpose: One of the common abnormalities among athletes in the fields of football, volleyball and basketball is genovarum. Recently, a newly designed insole has been introduced to correct these abnormalities and their complications. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a newly designed insole on landing errors and lower limb kinematics of players with genovarum deformity in football, volleyball and basketball. Methodology: The subjects of the present study included 24 athletes with genovarum in football, volleyball and basketball with a mean age (14.04±1.2), BMI (17.77±1.97), varus degree (-6.89±1.74), and sports history (4.08±1.05). To assess landing error and kinematics, the landing error scoring system test was used when using three types of insoles (new design, simple and personalized). Using the Quinoa software, the varus and flexion angles of the thigh, trunk and knee in the two phases of initial contact and maximum flexion were calculated and the landing error rate was recorded. Finally, two-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test were used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results of the present study showed that the new insole caused a change in the landing error test score and lower limb kinematics of adolescent athletes with genovarum in football, volleyball and basketball. In basketball, the landing error was 44% higher than in football and 22% higher than in volleyball. At the moment of initial contact, trunk flexion in football was 37% higher and in basketball was 72% higher than in volleyball, thigh flexion in football was 23% higher and in volleyball was 24% higher than in basketball, knee flexion in football was 20% higher than in basketball and the varus degree in basketball was 36% higher than in volleyball. Also, at the moment of maximum flexion, trunk flexion in soccer is 49% and in basketball is 55% greater than in volleyball, thigh flexion in soccer is 10% and in volleyball is 15% greater than in basketball, knee flexion in soccer is 13% and in volleyball is 11% greater than in basketball. In other words, basketball players have a harder landing than soccer players and volleyball players at both the initial contact and maximum flexion moments. Also, the new insole reduces landing errors by 61% compared to the conventional insole and by 62% compared to the custom insole. So that at the moment of initial contact, it causes a 43% and 47% increase in trunk flexion compared to simple and personalized insoles, a 27% and 21% increase in thigh flexion compared to simple and personalized insoles, a 43% and 33% increase in knee flexion compared to simple and personalized insoles, and at the moment of maximum flexion, it causes a 7% and 10% increase compared to simple and personalized insoles. Discussion and Conclusion: Because the newly designed insole reduces the landing error test score, increases joint flexion during landing, and reduces the initial varus degree, athletes with geno varum are advised to use these insoles during sports activities because by correcting the kinematics of the lower limb, it can be effective in reducing the risk of non-collision injuries of the lower limb. Also, basketball players experience harder landings than soccer and volleyball players, and it is necessary to provide intervention measures for them in the form of softer landing training.

Background and Objective: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common issue among individuals who have experienced ankle sprains. This condition is typically associated with pain, swelling, and functional limitations, negatively affecting sports performance and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of core stability training on static and dynamic balance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility in male athletes with chronic ankle instability. Methodology: Forty male athletes aged 18 to 24 years with at least three years of sports experience, and chronic ankle instability (CAI), voluntarily participated in this study. The sample size was determined using G-Power software and randomly divided into two groups of 20 participants. The Cumberland questionnaire was used to assess CAI. The participants performed the central stability training protocol for eight weeks, three sessions per week, each lasting 40 minutes. Static balance was assessed using the Stork Standing Test, and dynamic balance was evaluated with the Y-Balance test. Muscle strength was assessed with a hand-held dynamometer, muscular endurance was evaluated using the McGill tests, and flexibility was measured using the Sit and Reach test with the help of a box. Evaluations were performed before and after the eight-week central stability training intervention. The effects of central stability training on balance, strength, and muscular endurance in both the dominant and non-dominant legs, as well as on flexibility in both legs, were examined. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for intra- and inter-group effects, with Bonferroni post-hoc tests for pairwise comparisons. The significance level for all tests was set at 0/05. Results: The results of this study showed that eight weeks of central stability training significantly improved both static and dynamic balance. A significant difference was observed between the dominant and non-dominant legs in static balance, while overall performance improved in dynamic balance. Furthermore, the training had a significant effect on muscle strength, although no significant difference was found between the dominant and non-dominant legs. In muscle endurance, significant improvements were seen in the flexor and extensor muscles of the trunk, but no differences were found between the dominant and non-dominant legs in the lateral flexor. Additionally, muscle flexibility improved after the training. These results highlight the positive effect of central stability training in enhancing balance performance and symmetry between the dominant and non-dominant legs in athletes with chronic ankle instability. Conclusion: Based on the findings, eight weeks of core stability training is recommended for enhancing the functional performance of athletes with chronic ankle instability.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is the immediate effect of designed shoe soles on the electromyographic activity of the lower limb muscles of people with Genu Varum during the single leg stance time test. Methodology: The current research method was a semi-experimental type of research. In terms of the purpose of the study, it is of the kind of applied research and in terms of time, it is of the cross-sectional type. The statistical population of this research was Kurdistan University students. 15 students with braced knees and 15 healthy students (without braced knees) were selected as samples from among the target population. This research used descriptive statistics to classify and adjust the raw data, determine the mean and standard deviation, and draw tables. Inferential statistics were used to test the research hypotheses and to check the significance of the difference between the average groups in different stages. In this regard, for the normality of data distribution and the homogeneity of variances, the Shapier-Wilk test and Lon's F test were used. Analysis of covariance test is used to compare groups. To analyze the data, SPSS version 26 software is used. The significance level for all statistical methods is considered 0.05. Findings: The results showed that the designed insole has a significant effect on the activity of the medial biceps, tibialis anterior, and fibula longus of the superior leg of people with braced knees in the eyes open position, but it has no effect on the activity of the soleus muscle. The results showed that the designed insole has a significant effect on the activity of the medial biceps, tibialis anterior, and fibula longus of the non-dominant leg of people with braced knees in the eyes open position, but it has no effect on the activity of the soleus muscle. The results showed that the designed insole has a significant effect on the activity of the medial biceps, soleus, and anterior tibia and fibula longus muscles of the superior leg of people with knee braces in closed eyes, so the null hypothesis is rejected. The results showed that the designed insole has a significant effect on the activity of the medial biceps, soleus, anterior tibia and fibula longus of the non-superior leg of people with braced knee in closed eyes, so the null hypothesis is rejected. Conclusion: It seems that the use of designed insoles can be useful in balance movements and activities of people with knee braces and they can perform better in balance movements by using designed insoles

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between central stabilization and functional stabilization with pain and disability of the tissues of students and gymnasts. Initial examination was based on the results of the shoulder pain and disability questionnaire (greater than 25 as detailed shoulder disability, and less than 10 as healthy shoulder), and entry criteria were required from gymnastics students , based on similar research, 28 gymnast students were selected in two equal groups, 14 students in the negative group and 14 students in the healthy group. After signing a letter of satisfaction with the company's research, the first coordination of the two meetings was held. In the first session, in addition to anthropometric measurements including height, weight, arm length and leg length, a healthy gymnast was asked to perform central and functional stability tests Bat central picture problem. In the second session, after warming up, each four trials (higher foot stable, non-heavier foot stable, healthy shoulder stable, unhealthy shoulder stable) were randomized. The order of the experiments in both sessions was random. The results of all the experiments are accurately fixed and then distributed using the Kelmogrove-Asmirnov experiment and the variances are distributed using the low experiment, for the central correlation and general fixation questions Kurdish with pain and inability to detail cells from independent and cohesive experiences Pearson was used. Current research results in the field of association of central stabilization and functional stabilization with pain, general inability and shoulder exercise mean differences between individuals for central stabilization (0.01=P, 65.24 priority), healthy shoulder stabilization (0.01=P, 41.58 concessionary), st Shane Ghirsal, (0.01=P, 40.72 points), higher stability (0.01=P, 31.58 points), and non-stable gymnasts (0.01=P, 31.58 points). M. Bud. Similarly, there is a meaningful symmetry (00/1) between the central stabilizer with pain (debt -0/95), the general inability (-0/96), and the sports inability (-0/93), between the foot stabilizer More than pain (penalty -0/96), general inability (-0/95), and sports inability (-0/94), between individuals all stabilize other than pain (penalty 88/0-), inability General (-0/89), and let's not be able to sports (-0/87), between individuals who stabilized healthy shoulders with pain (-0/95), let's not be able to general (-0/94), and let's not be able to sports ( -0/91), among the key individuals of non-healthy shoulder stabilization with pain (dose -0/94), with general inability (-0/93), and with sports inability (-0/98), between key individuals with central stabilization with stabilization Higher pie (Drib 0/97), non-birth pie stability (0/88), and unhealthy shoulder stability (Drib 0/95), and healthy shoulder stability (0/96) were observed. It appears that in the system of human movement, which represents a chain of interconnected actions, success and failure in one part of the chain can affect the action of the other part and vice versa. This can be recommended in programs to rehabilitate and prevent injuries in one body segment, such as shoulder injuries, training and rehabilitation of other body segments (such as central region, leg and even hand rehabilitation Salem) should be young

مقدمه: با توجه به نقش آدیپوکاین ها در سندروم متابولیکی و بیماری های قلبی-عروقی، در پژوهش حاضر تاثیر 8 هفته تمرین مقاومتی فزاینده به همراه مصرف مکمل چای سبز بر غلظت هورمون آپلین و کمرین در زنان چاق می باشد. روش شناسی: در این پژوهش 26 نفر از زنان غیر ورزشکار با استفاده از نمونه گیری تصادفی از میان زنان چاق (30 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع) انتخاب شدند. آزمودنی ها در سه گروه که شامل 10 نفر گروه تجربی GT (8 هفته تمرین مقاومتی به همراه مصرف عصاره چای سبز)، 7 نفرگروه تجربی PT(8 هفته تمرین مقاومتی به همراه مصرف دارونما) و 9 نفر گروه کنترل G (8 هفته مصرف مکمل عصاره چای سبز) قرار گرفتند. آزمودنی های گروه تجربی GT و گروه کنترل G (روزانه 2 عدد کپسول حاوی میلی گرم عصاره چای سبز 300) و گروه تجربی PT 2 عدد کپسول دارونما را بعد از وعده های غذایی نهار و شام به مدت 8 هفته با آب کافی مصرف کردند. هر دو گروه تجربی GT و PT هفته ای 3 جلسه به مدت 8 هفته و هر جلسه به مدت 60 الی 70 دقیقه با شدت 65% تا 80% یک تکرار بیشینه تمرین مقاومتی انجام دادند. اندازه گیری سطح هورمون ها با استفاده از روش الایزا انجام شد، و با سطح معنی داری 05/0p= تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: نتایج تحلیل واریانس با اندازه گیری مکرر در مورد سطح آپلین نشان داد که، اثر زمان (000/0=p)، اثر گروه (006/0=p) و در مورد سطح کمرین اثر زمان (000/0=p)، اثر گروه (044/0=p) و تعامل زمان گروه (001/0p=) معنی دار بود. در گروه GT در مرحله پس آزمون و بی تمرینی نسبت به پیش آزمون در سطح سرمی آپلین تفاوت معنی دار مشاهده شد و در گروه GT در مرحله پس آزمون و بی تمرینی نسبت به پیش آزمون کاهش معنی دار کمرین مشاهده شد اما در گروه PT سطح سرمی آپلین در بی تمرینی نسبت به پیش آزمون و سطح سرمی کمرین در پس آزمون نسبت به پیش آزمون کاهش معنی دار مشاهده شد. سطح آپلین در گروه کنترل G (مصرف چای سبز) در پس آزمون و مرحله بی تمرینی نسبت به پیش آزمون کاهش میانگین دیده شد اما از نظر آماری معنی دار نبود و سطح کمرین در گروه G در پس آزمون نسبت به پیش آزمون کاهش میانگین وجود داشت اما در مرحله بی تمرینی نسبت به پیش آزمون میانگین کمرین نسبت به پیش آزمون افزایش یافته بود و در هر دو مرحله پس آزمون و پیش آزمون تفاوت معنی داری از نظز آماری مشاهده نشد. نتیجه گیری: 8 هفته تمرین مقاومتی فزاینده به همراه مصرف چای سبز در هر سه گروه باعث کاهش معنی داری نسبت دور کمر به باسن (05/0>P) شدند و در هر سه گروه کاهش معنی دار وزن (05/0>P) مشاهده شد و با توجه به کاهش وزن در گروه GT و PTتغییرات مطلوبی برروی تنظیم هورمون های بافت چربی (آدیپوکاین ها) ایجاد کردند و در کل ترکیب تمرین مقاومتی و مکمل عصاره چای سبز اثر بخشی بیشتری نسبت به تمرین مقاومتی به همراه مصرف دارونما در مرحله پس آزمون و بی تمرینی نسبت به پیش آزمون بر روی آزمودنی ها مشاهده شد.