Sanaz Eyni

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on perceived stress, body self-concept, and repetitive negative thoughts in girls diagnosed with BDD. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population consisted of girls with BDD in Alborz City, Iran, in 2023. A sample of 30 participants was selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=15) and the control group (n=15). Data collection instruments included a demographic checklist, the short form of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ-S), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Repetitive Negative Thinking Questionnaire (RNTQ). The experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of ACT, as proposed by Hayes et al. (2011), while the control group received no intervention. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate covariance (MANCOVA) analysis with SPSS-24. The findings indicated that ACT significantly reduced perceived stress, decreased repetitive negative thoughts, and improved various dimensions of body self-concept (including health, physical activity, coordination, athletic competence, body fat, physical appearance, flexibility, strength, endurance, and self-confidence) in girls with BDD (p< 0.01). These results demonstrate the efficacy of ACT in enhancing the psychological and physical well-being of individuals with BDD.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigate the fitness of causal model of behavioral addiction in students based on early maladaptive schemas with the mediating role of the alternative model of DSM-5 personality disorders. The statistical population of the present study was all undergraduate students of the University of Kurdistan in the second semester of the 2023-2024 academic years. Addictive behavior scale (ABS), short form of early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (YSQ-SF) and short form of adult version of DSM-5 personality questionnaire (PID-5-BF) were used to collect data. To analyze the data, mean, standard deviation, correlation in SPSS-24 software and structural equation modeling in Lisrel software version 8.8 were used. The results showed that the proposed research model has a good fit. Also, the results showed that early maladaptive schemas had an indirect and significant effect on behavioral addiction in students through the alternative model of DSM-5 personality disorders. According to the results of the current research on the impact of early maladaptive schemas and dimensions of the alternative model of DSM-5 personality disorders in behavioral addiction, it is suggested to focus on these variables in the treatment process of people suffering from behavioral addiction.

The purpose of this research is the relationship between cognitive abilities and the recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities. The present research is placed in the applied research group in terms of purpose and in the descriptive survey type research in terms of data collectin. The statistical population in this study is infinite and includes all Iranian entrepreneurs. G-Power software has been used to determine the sample size, which was obtained by interfering with the size and statistical method used as sample. It was collected by a standard questionnaire in 1402. Also, the analysis of the collected data has been done using SPSS software. The results of this research show that the cognitive abilities of vigilance and self-confidence have a positive and meaningful effect on the recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities, as well as sleep quality and impairment. Attention-hyperactivity as moderating variables has an effect on alertness, self-confidence and opportunity recognition of entrepreneurs. Also, what was observed in this research is the relationship between sleep quality and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

A study on the relationship between family conflict, parenting styles, and internalizing and externalizing disorders through the lens of emotional - Affective temperament. This research is a descriptive structural equation modeling study aimed at establishing the relationship between parental conflict and parenting styles with internalizing and externalizing disorders, mediated by emotional - affective temperament. The study population consisted of all 12-18-year-old adolescent students enrolled in ordinary schools in Divandareh County during the academic year 2023-2024. A cluster sampling method was employed, involving all enrolled students in ordinary schools, with questionnaires sent to all schools in Divandareh. Out of 9376 students in Divandareh, 414 questionnaires were collected. Data was collected using the Child Behavior Checklist from the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, the Composite Trait of Emotion and Affect Scale, the Baumrind Parenting Style Questionnaire, and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales. Our findings indicate that there is a relationship between family conflict, parenting styles, and internalizing and externalizing disorders, mediated by emotional - affective temperament. This relationship is as follows: Family conflict and permissive and authoritarian parenting styles have contributed to the negative aspects of emotional temperament, leading to an increase in internalizing and externalizing disorders. On the other hand, authoritative parenting style has played a role in the positive aspects of emotional - affective temperament, resulting in a decrease in internalizing and externalizing disorders.

The present study aimed to compare emotional and cognitive indicators in individuals social physique anxiety symptoms and normative. The research employed a descriptive and comparative methodology. The statistical population comprised residents of Isfahan city in the year 1402. A purposive sampling method was utilized for this research. The statistical sample was determined using PASS software, with an alpha level of 0.05 and a power of 80%, resulting in a total of 150 participants (75 individuals in each group(. The instruments employed in this study included the Physical Social Anxiety Scale, the Structured Interview Program for DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders (ADIS-5), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire, the Emotion Regulation Problems Scale, the Distress Intolerance Questionnaire, the Rumination Response Scale, and the Cognitive-Emotional Regulation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results of the data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the emotional indicators of people, such as emotion regulation, Difficulties in emotion regulation, and anxiety sensitivity with social physical anxiety symptoms and normal. Also, there is a significant difference in some of the cognitive indicators of people, such as experimental avoidance, rumination, and anxiety intolerance, with social physique anxiety symptoms and normal, but there is no significant difference in other cognitive indicators, such as emotional cognitive regulation, with social physique anxiety symptoms and normal. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the emotional and cognitive indicators of people with social physique anxiety symptoms and normal. The results of this research can help to understand and explain the social physique anxiety symptoms and be a guide for mental health professionals to apply strategies to prevent and deal with it.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between emotional behavioral problems of students with learning disabilities, emotional intelligence and sensitivity to rejection with the mediating role of self-efficacy and emotion regulation. The statistical population of the current study was all students with learning disabilities in LD centers in Kermanshah in the academic year of 2023, from which a sample of 282 people was selected using a purposive sampling method. Emotional Behavioral Problems Questionnaire (EBPS), Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (EQ), Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ) were used to collect data. To analyze the data, mean, standard deviation, correlation in SPSS-24 software and structural equation modeling in Lisrel software version 8.8 were used. The results showed that emotional intelligence had an indirect effect on emotional behavioral problems in students with learning disabilities through re-evaluation and suppression strategies and self-efficacy. Also, the results showed that sensitivity to rejection through re-evaluation and suppression strategies and self-efficacy had an indirect effect on emotional behavioral problems in students with learning disabilities. According to the results of the present research, it is suggested to design and implement educational programs and improve the mental health of students with learning disabilities should be given special attention to variables such as; Emotional intelligence, emotion regulation, self-efficacy and sensitivity to rejection.

Objective: Research related to the neuro-cognitive field has found that children with specific learning disorders have deficits in cognitive, metacognitive and emotional components. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing neuropsychological indicators related to executive functions, cognitive and metacognitive components, and emotion regulation strategies in students with and without specific learning disabilities. Methods: The study method was descriptive-casual-comparative. The study population consisted of all children with and without specific learning disabilities in Sanandaj city in the academic year of 2023. The research sample included 134 children (67 children with specific learning disorders and 67 normal children) who were selected using convenient sampling method. The study measures included the Coolidge Personality and Neuropsychological Inventory for Children (CPNI), Dawson and McEnerny Cognition and Metacognition Strategies Questionnaire (CMSQ), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Children and Adolescent Version (ERQ-CA). The data was analyzed using the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) by SPSS-27 software. Results: The results of the research showed that there is a significant difference between children with specific learning disabilities and normal children in terms of executive functions and cognitive and metacognitive components (p=0.001). In terms of emotion regulation strategies, a significant difference was observed between the two groups in the subscale of the adaptive strategy of reappraisal and the incompatible strategy of emotion suppression (p=0.001). Conclusion: The results of this research showed that executive functions and cognitive and metacognitive components as well as emotion regulation strategies are defective in children with specific learning disorders. Therefore, for the proper performance of these students, in addition to cognitive and metacognitive abilities, it is recommended to pay special attention to basic emotional components such as teaching adaptive strategies for emotional regulation when facing school assignments (such as reading, spelling, and solving math problems) and the experience of anxiety related to them.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between executive functions of students with high risk behaviors: the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. The present study was applied research in terms of its purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of its method. The statistical population of this research included all high school students in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. A total of 320 students were selected by cluster random sampling, and finally, after reviewing the collected questionnaires, the data of 305 students were analyzed. In order to collect information, standard questionnaires, high-risk behaviors, Barclay's executive functions, cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation test and using structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS and Lisrel 8.8 software. Based on the obtained results, the causal relationship between students' executive functions and high-risk behaviors with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation was confirmed based on various fit indices. Executive functions of students had a direct effect on risky behaviors; Also, students' executive functions had an indirect effect on high-risk behaviors through the cognitive regulation of emotion (P<0.05). The results of this study can be an important step towards the implementation of psychological interventions to reduce risky behavior and its related consequences. It is suggested to consider the evaluation of the cognitive regulation of emotions and executive functions and planning for the development and improvement of these things in developing programs for the prevention of risky behaviors.

The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a causal model of psychological distress in children with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder based on emotional dysregulation and impulsivity taking into account the mediating role of mindfulness. The research method is descriptive and path analysis type. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the children aged 10 to 12 years that they have symptoms of ADHD who were studying in the primary schools of district one and district two of Sanandaj city in the academic year of 2022 -2023. The research sample included 200 students aged 10 to 12 years (131 boys, 69 girls) with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, who were selected from the statistical population as a purposeful sampling, according to the criteria for entering the research. In this research, in order to collect data from the Connors Rating Scale Parent Form, Spence Child Anxiety Scale (SCAS) Parent Form, Mariaquas Children's Depression Questionnaire (CDI), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA), Hirschfield et al.'s impulsivity scale in children (IS) and children's and adolescents' mindfulness scale (CAMM) were used. After collecting the questionnaires, analysis was done on the raw data using SPSS 26 and Amos 24 software. The fit indices of the model were confirmed. Based on the results obtained, the variables of emotional dysregulation, impulsivity and mindfulness have a direct effect on the psychological distress of children with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The psychological distress of children with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has a significant relationship with the mediation of mindfulness and emotional dysregulation and impulsivity (P<0.01). Therefore, in order to reduce the psychological distress of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, it is recommended that educators and specialists develop educational programs to increase emotion regulation skills and use appropriate emotion regulation strategies, reduce impulsive behaviors, and increase mindfulness. Also, by adopting appropriate methods and training parents, the psychological distress of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be minimized and they should take necessary measures to increase the emotion regulation skills and mindfulness of these children.

based on the variables of thought-action fusion and intolerance of ambiguity, taking into account the mediating role of cyberchondria, sleep quality and self-compassion variables. The statistical population of this research was made up of teachers aged 25 to 50 who were teaching in Razavi Khorasan province in 1402 (220 women and 184 men). who responded to the questionnaires that were provided to them in the form of a link through a simple random sampling method and through virtual networks. In this research, from the questionnaires, Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS), Short Health Anxiety Questionnaire (SHAI), Short Form Ambiguity Intolerance Scale (SATQ), Self-Compassion Questionnaire (SCQ), Revised Scale (TAFS-R) and Questionnaire Petersburg sleep quality (PSQI) was used. After collecting the questionnaire, raw data was analyzed using Path Analysis Method through SPSS 24 and Lisrel 8.8 software. The fit indices of the model were confirmed. Based on the results obtained, the combination of thought and action, intolerance of ambiguity, cyberchondria, self-pity and sleep quality have a direct effect on health anxiety. Also, health anxiety has a significant relationship with the mediation of cyberchondria, self-compassion, and sleep quality with the combination of thought and action. On the other hand, health anxiety has a significant relationship with the mediation of cyberchondria, self-compassion and sleep quality with ambiguity intolerance. Therefore, it is recommended that according to the results obtained, health experts in the field of reducing health anxiety of people who refer to doctors or other people should consider solutions to reduce the confusion of thought and action and increase the tolerance of ambiguity. It is also suggested to consider programs to increase self-compassion and mindfulness and improve sleep quality in the field of education and treatment of health anxiety.

The present study was conducted with the aim of fitting the causal model of job stress, job satisfaction and job burnout of nurses based on the alternative model of personality, sleep problems and quality of work life with the mediating role of clinical empathy and role conflict. This research was descriptive and path analysis type. The statistical population included all the nurses working in Sanandaj hospitals in 1402, from which 400 people were selected by simple random sampling and according to the entry and exit criteria. In order to collect data from Nursing Stress Questionnaire-Short Form (NOSS), Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale-Short Form (MSQ-sf), Maslach Burnout Questionnaire (MBI), Zuckerman Personality Questionnaire - Coleman (ZKPQ-50-cc), Sleep Disorders Checklist (SDS-CL-17), Quality of Work Life Questionnaire (QWL), Jefferson Empathy Scale (JSPE-HP) and Role Ambiguity and Conflict Questionnaire (RAC). became. SPSS-26 and Lisrel 8.8 software were used for data analysis. The obtained results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between job stress, job satisfaction, and job burnout with activity, socialization, quality of life, and empathy, and with aggression-hostility, impulsive excitement, anxiety, neuroticism, insomnia, night rhythm. Day, nightmare, central sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, bedwetting and ambiguity and role conflict, there is a positive and meaningful relationship. Also, the results showed that role conflict and clinical empathy play a mediating role in the relationship between personality traits, sleep problems, quality of work life with job stress, job satisfaction and job burnout. Therefore, considering the vital role of nurses as the people who have the most contact with patients, institutions and hospitals are required to use effective measures to improve the physical and psychological health of nurses.

The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a causal model of health anxiety of adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder based on psychological flexibility and psychological distress taking into account the mediating role of alexithymia and thought-action fusion. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the adolescents in the second-cycle high school students in Bukan city in the academic year 1402-1403. The research sample included 433 adolescents aged 15 to 18 (327 girls, 106 boys) with generalized anxiety disorder who were selected from the statistical population through purposeful sampling and with the consent of the adolescents and the acceptance of the coaches and school staff to participate in the research. In this research, scales, short questionnaire of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), short form of health anxiety questionnaire (HAI-18), psychological flexibility questionnaire (AAQ), Kessler psychological distress scale (K10), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and revised thought-action fusion scale (TAFS) were used. After collecting the questionnaires, analysis was done using on raw data using structural equation modeling through SPSS 24 and Lisrel 8.8 software. The fit indices of the model were confirmed. Based on the results obtained, the variables of psychological flexibility, psychological distress, alexithymia, and thought-action fusion have a direct effect on the health anxiety of adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder. The health anxiety of adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder has a significant relationship with alexithymia and thought-action fusion with psychological flexibility and psychological distress (P<0/01). Considering the importance of various outcomes of health anxiety in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder, attention to teaching skills to increase psychological flexibility and strategies to identify and describe emotions and simultaneously help to identify and reduce psychological distress and cognitive problems such as thought-action fusion in educational centers is highlighted, which in turn can help to success and have a healthier lifestyle in adolescents.

The present research aims to model the personality type of passive-aggressive individuals with substance use disorder based on Dimensions of character and temperament, and dark triad personality traits, with the mediating role of entitlement schema and emotional deprivation. The research method was descriptive and structural equations type. The study population included all individuals diagnosed with substance use disorder referring to addiction treatment centers in Kurdistan province in the year 2023. Out of 400 individuals, selected through purposive sampling, the research tools consisted of the Millon's Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-3, Cloninger Temperament and Character Dimensions Scale, Dark Triad of Personality Scale, and Yang Schema Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-24 and AMOS 26 software. The results indicated that personality traits and temperament dimensions, narcissism from the dark triad traits, entitlement schema and emotional deprivation directly and significantly affect the passive-aggressive personality type. Moreover, indirect path analysis revealed that Dimensions of character and temperament have an indirect and significant effect on the passive-aggressive personality type through emotional deprivation but not through the entitlement schema. The dark triad personality traits have an indirect and significant effect on the passive-aggressive personality type through both entitlement and emotional deprivation schema. Therefore, it can be concluded that the relationship and impact between personality traits and temperament dimensions and dark triad personality traits on the passive-aggressive personality type in individuals with substance use disorder will provide valuable insights for understanding and explaining the passive-aggressive personality type in individuals with substance use disorder.

The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the relationship between perfectionism and suicidal thoughts by emphasizing the potential mediating or moderating roles of self-criticism, rumination, and self-compassion by using path analysis and hierarchical regression methods. Therefore, in order to achieve the goals, 1312 people (2023-2024) were selected using the convenience sampling method. In order to collect data, online or in-person, these people completed several scales such as self-compassion (short form), levels of self-criticism, Beck's suicidal thoughts, ruminative response style, and multidimensional perfectionism, and after that, the data were analyzed based on hierarchical regression and path analysis were evaluated and measured. According to the findings, in the relationship between suicide and perfectionism, at the level of 0.01, all three variables, i.e., self-compassion, self-criticism, and rumination, were able to play the role of mediator in a meaningful way. However, in relation to the moderator role, among the variables, only self-compassion and self-criticism could assume this role meaningfully. In addition to these cases, at the variable level, the mediator model and the moderator model, respectively, were able to explain 80% and 79% of the variance of suicidal thoughts. Therefore, it is recommended that therapists of psychological injuries analyze and identify perfectionism, rumination, and self-criticism as part of the treatment and include training in more constructive skills as part of their agenda.

The current study aimed at investigating the Path analysis of the relationships between Pregnancy Anxiety and Sleep-wake disorder with the moderating role of Worriness and Intolerance of uncertainty and Emotional dysregulation. The statistical population included all Pregnant women of Isfahan city in the year of 2021-22. The sampling method was volunteer sampling that 366 Pregnant women completed Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Adaption of pregnancy anxiety questionnaire (PRAQ), The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DRS) and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS). we was utilize SPSS-27 and AMOS-29 softwarses for data analysis. Initially, the descriptive indices and correlation matrix were calculated with SPSS, and then the models were designed and analyzed via AMOS-29 software. The results of the present study showed that pregnancy has a direct relationship with the severity of sleep problem, And the variables of worry, emotional dysregulation and Intolerance of Uncertainty can change the role between these two. Therefore, according to the results of the present study, we can make this conclusion that Increasing the capacity and training to tolerate of Uncertainty, Resolving concerns and teaching emotion regulation techniques to pregnant women It can reduce their anxiety and sleep problems.

The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a caual model of the childbearing motivation based on personality traits and pathological worry, taking into account the mediation role of psychological well-being. The research method was descriptive and structural equations type. The statistical population of this study consisted of all married women aged 18 to 45 in Hamedan city in the half of 1402, when at least 3 years had passed since the beginning of their joint life. The research sample was considered to be 550 people, despite the possibility of the drop of participants and to increase the external validity, who were selected from the statistical population as a purposeful sample of the research included 400 married women in Hamedan city. In this research, Miller's childbearing motivation scales (CBQ), Personality traits short form (NEO-FFI), Pennsylvania pathological worry (PSWQ) and Riff's psychological well-being questionnaire were used. Then, after collecting the questionnaires, the data was analyzed using structural eguation modeling through SPSS 26 and Lisrel 8.8 software. The findig showed that the model has a good fit. According to the results obtained, five personaliry traits have a significant relationship with the positive and negative childbearing motivation, except conscientiousness, whose effect on the negative childbearing motivation was not significant. The variable of pathological worry and psychological well-being also had a direct effect on the childbearing motivation. Neuroticism, extroversion and conscientiousness had a significant relationship with the mediation of psychological well-being with the childbearing motivation, and pathological worry had a significant relationship with the mediation of psychological well-being with the childbearing motivation (P<0.01). However, openness to experience and agreeableness with the mediation of psychological well-being did not have a significant effect on the childbearing motivation. Based on this suggested that in order to increase the childbearing motivation of people in the society, effort should be made to increase the psychological well-being of people and reduce worry and improve pathological worry, and also pay attention to the personality characteristics of people. Specialists and relenant consultants can have appositive effect on couple's childbearing motivation by giving appropriate solutions and knowledge, and help people in society have sufficient knowledge about the psychological influencing factors on their childbearing process.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between personality types and anxiety sensitivity with depressive symptoms of people with SUD. The purpose of this study is applied and in terms of the method of data collection, it is considered to be descriptive research and structural equation type. The statistical population of this research includes all people diagnosed with SUD who visited substance abuse centers in Mashhad in the first six months of 1402-1401. The sample size of the research was considered to be 300, taking into account the possibility of dropout of the subjects and to increase the external validity, which was selected from among the statistical population by purposeful sampling. In order to collect data, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory (Neo-FFI), Floyd Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory (ASI), Freeston Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS) used. After collecting the questionnaire, raw data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and SPSS 28 and Lisrel 8.8 software. The fit indices of the model were confirmed. According to the findings of the research, it can be said that personality types including neuroticism had a positive and significant effect on depression, and openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, and agreeableness had a negative and significant effect on depression. Anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty had a positive and significant effect on depression, and the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty was also confirmed. In fact, people who have openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion and less agreeableness, higher neuroticism, higher anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty, experience higher depression. It is suggested that more importance be given to the mental health of depressed people with substance use disorder so that they are not drawn to substance use. Also, in order to improve the symptoms of depression in their patients, psychologists and counselors should pay attention to the role of personality types, anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty and use the effects of these components on depression with the necessary training.

The present study aimed to test the Path Analysis of self-harm behaviors in prisoners based on the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders with the mediating role of hopelessness and emotion dysregulation. The research method was descriptive and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study was all prisoners of Qezel-hassar Prison in Karaj in the second half of 2022-2023. The research sample consisted of 400 prisoners with a diagnosis of self-harm behaviors, who were selected through targeted sampling based on the presence of NSSI behaviors and personal consent of individuals, in the first place, and having the criteria for entering and exiting from the statistical population. To collect data, the following scales were used: the DSM-5 Adult Personality Questionnaire (PID-5-BF), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and the Klonsky and Glenn Self-Injurious Behaviors Questionnaire (2011). After collecting the questionnaires, data analysis was performed on the raw data using Path Analysis through SPSS 25 and Lisrel8.8 software. The model fit indices were confirmed. Based on the results obtained, there was a positive and significant correlation between self-harm behavior and negative affect (P<0.001; r=0.42), detachment (P<0.001; r=0.33), oppositionality (P<0.001; r=0.40), disinhibited social engagement (P<0.001; r=0.29), borderline personality traits (P<0.001; r=0.42), hopelessness (P<0.001; r=0.43), and negative cognitive emotion regulation (P<0.001; r=0.42) at the 99% level, and a negative and significant correlation with positive cognitive emotion regulation (P<0.001; r=-0.33) at the 99% level. In addition in the present study there is no significant direct relationship between: Nonsuicidal Self-Injury behaviors and dishibition (P>0.001,r=0.42) at 99% level . Therefore, considering the importance of these behaviors in the health of this group, it is recommended that in criminal institutions, conditions should be created to minimize the occurrence of these behaviors and the occurrence of psychological disorders that cause these behaviors.

Success in capital markets is one of the main challenges of investors and actors active in these markets. Theoretical foundations show that several factors affect the judgment of these people and ultimately the success rate of decisions. Financial literacy plays a significant role as one of the important factors in the financial decisions of individuals and investors. The development of financial literacy can have a great impact on the judgments and decisions of investors and can be a source for determining the credibility and promoting the theory of source credibility. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of financial literacy (knowledge, attitude and behavior) on the judgment of investors according to the theory of source credibility (source bias, source competence and individual bias). The present applied research is descriptive in nature and correlational in terms of statistics. The statistical population of this research was the capital market activists in the provinces (Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Hamadan, Ilam) and 399 people were selected using the random sampling method. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and it was done using SPSS and Smart PLS software. The obtained findings showed that financial literacy with two dimensions of attitude and behavior has a significant effect on the judgment of investors, but financial knowledge does not have a significant effect on the judgment of investors. In other words, people who have a greater ability to understand and understand the concepts of financial decision-making and better personal beliefs and values in the field of various financial concepts, have a better ability to analyze and evaluate investment risks and opportunities and influence their judgment. to give Also, the source credit theory has a significant effect on the relationship between financial literacy and investors' judgment. It means that the source credit theory can be considered as a moderating variable in interpreting the effect of financial literacy on investors' judgments and decisions. This moderator shows that the effect of financial literacy on investors' judgment can be explained by the effect of the credit level of the source.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of hemispheric superiority in problem solving, cognitive flexibility and impulse control. The research design was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all the residents of Karaj city in the academic year 1402-1401. The research sample consisted of 140 people who were divided into two groups: left superior (70 people) and right superior (70 people) using the inclusion/exit criteria and based on the Wells and Wagner brain hemisphere superiority questionnaire.Wisconsin cards software test was used to measure cognitive flexibility, balloon risk test to measure impulse control and Tower of Hanoi test to measure problem solving. For the results, it showed that between problem solving scores (F = 18.82; P = 0.001), number of floors (F = 4.75; P = 0.031), cognitive flexibility remaining error (F = 34.4; P = 0.039) and impulse control (F = 59.7; P = 0.007) there is a significant difference between right-handed and left-handed people. In problem solving and flexibility, the superior right group performed better than the superior left. In impulse control, the left superiors performed better than the right superiors. The functioning of the brain hemispheres affects cognitive functions and cognitive information processing.

This study aimed to investigate the interplay between executive functions, job burnout, and emotion regulation among medical laboratory personnel in Isfahan province. Employing a descriptive-postal research design and structural equation modeling (SEM), we examined a sample of 320 participants, selected through Cochran's formula, with 300 individuals ultimately included for data analysis. Data were collected through various instruments, including the Safari and Amirkhani Razaliqi organizational negligence questionnaires, Maslach's job burnout inventory, Gretz and Roumer's emotion regulation questionnaire, the Wisconsin Card Arrangement Test, and the Stroop Color Test.The findings revealed direct and significant relationships between negligence and job burnout with executive functions and emotion regulation. Moreover, mediation analysis demonstrated that emotion regulation played a significant mediating role between executive functions and job burnout (P < 0.01). These results suggest that fostering an environment that encourages emotional regulation in the workplace can aid employees in coping with stress and interpersonal conflicts. Organizations that prioritize the reduction of job burnout and negligence may witness improved task performance and self-regulatory behaviors among their employees. Consequently, training programs focusing on enhancing executive functions should incorporate strategies for addressing job burnout, negligence, and emotion regulation through therapeutic techniques.

The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a causal model of social anxiety in students with specific learning disorders based on emotion regulation and perceived self-efficacy, taking into account the mediating role of emotional intelligence and early maladaptive schemas. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the students with specific learning disorder who referred to learning disorder centers under the supervision of Sanandaj city in the academic year of 1402-1401. The research sample included 360 8-12-year-old students (174 girls, 186 boys) with specific learning disorders, who were selected from the statistical population as a purposeful sampling, according to the acceptance of the parents and teachers of the students to participate in the research. In this research, the self-report version of Leibovitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (LSAS-CA-SR), Emotion Regulation Inventory (ERC), Children's Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQUE-CF), Children's Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ-C) and children's schema questionnaire (SIC) were used. After collecting the questionnaires, analysis was done on the raw data using structural equation modeling and path analysis through SPSS 24 and Lisrel 8.8 software. The fit indices of the model were confirmed. Based on the results obtained, the variables of emotion regulation, perceived self-efficacy, emotional intelligence and early maladaptive schemas have a direct effect on the social anxiety of students with specific learning disorders. Social anxiety of students with specific learning disorder has a significant relationship with the mediation of emotional intelligence and early maladaptive schemas with emotion regulation, also, social anxiety of students with specific learning disorder has a significant relationship with the mediation of emotional intelligence and early maladaptive schemas with perceived self-efficacy (p<0.01). Therefore, in order to reduce the social anxiety of students with specific learning disorders, it is recommended that educators and experts formulate educational programs to increase adaptive emotion regulation strategies, increase the sense of perceived self-efficacy, and strengthen their emotional intelligence. Also, by adopting appropriate strategies and teaching parents, they can minimize the initial incompatible schemas of students with specific learning disorders.

مقدمه : موضوع مزیت دوزبانه بودن در جنبه‌های کنترل شناختی از جمله انعطاف پذیری شناختی و کنترل توجه - مورد قابل بحث و بررسی می باشد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی و کنترل توجه افراد دوزبانه کردی- فارسی نسبت به افراد تک زبانه فارسی انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر، از نظر هدف تحقیق کاربردی و از نظر روش، توصیفی و از نوع علی- مقایسه‌ای می‌باشد. جامعه آماری شامل 42 نفر تک زبانه فارسی و 43 نفر دوزبانه فارسی-کردی با میانگین سنی 8-14 ساله واقع در استان های سنندج و کرمانشاه در سال 1401 براساس تشخیص تسلط زبانی در سطوح زبان کردی و فارسی می‌باشد، به همین منظور از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند برای انتخاب نمونه پژوهش استفاده شد. ابزار پژوهش شامل دو آزمون استروپ زبان فارسی به منظور سنجش کنترل توجه، آزمون مرتب‌سازی کارت ویسکانسین و پرسشنامه انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی دنیس و وندروال به منظور مقایسه انعطاف پذیری شناختی دو گروه تک‌زبانه‌ها و دوزبانه‌ها بود مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از دو روش آمار توصیفی و استنباطی استفاده شده است. در بخش آمار توصیفی از تعداد و درصد، از میانگین و انحراف استاندارد و در بخش آمار استنباطی از آزمون تی مستقل جهت بررسی فرضیه‌های پژوهش استفاده گردید. داده‌ها برای تحلیل توصیفی و استنباطی با نرم افزار SPSS24 مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: نتیجه به دست آمده حاکی از آن بود که در بین گروه تک زبانه و دوزبانه در انعطاف پذیری شناختی تفاوت معناداری وجود ندارد (05/0 p)، اما برتری تک زبانه ها در انجام آزمون استروپ رنگ-واژه نشان دهنده برتری دوزبانه ها نسبت به تک زبانه ها در کنترل توجه بود (05/0 p). نتیجه‌گیری: براساس یافته های این پژوهش می توان نتیجه گرفت که دوزبانگی کردی-فارسی دارای امتیازات مثبت کنترل توجه برای دوزبانه ها در بازه سنی کودکان می باشد به همین منظور باید بر یادگیری زبان های بومی در کشور تاکید شود. اما در انعطاف شناختی تفاوت معناداری بین دو گروه مشاهده نشد < x

Background: As a dimension of mental health, social competence which is the ability to effectively manage social interactions plays a significant role in the success of individuals and organizations. The purpose of this study was to develop a causal model of social competence based on interpersonal cognitive distortions and decision-making styles with the mediating role of cognitive fusion. Method: In this descriptive and correlational study, 207 university staff including faculty members and administrative staff of the University of Kurdistan, were selected from the statistical population by simple random sampling. To collect the data, Felner's Social Competence Scale (FSCS), Interpersonal Cognitive Distortion Scale (ICDS), Decision Making Styles Questionnaire (DMS), and Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) were used. Then, the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach and SPSS and Lisrel 8.8 software were employed to analyze the data. Result: The results of this research showed that the proposed causal model confirms the relationship between interpersonal cognitive distortions, decision-making styles, cognitive fusion, and social competence. Moreover, interpersonal cognitive distortions and decision-making styles indirectly affect social competence through cognitive fusion. Conclusion: According to the findings, the social competence of the University of Kurdistan’s staff is influenced by interpersonal cognitive distortions, decision-making styles, and cognitive fusion. Training programs aimed to enhance the social competence of the staff can lead to the improvement of their social interactions and, as a result, improve their mental health.

Background & Aims: In most Parkinson's patients, impairment in cognitive functions is clearly observed; This issue has become a serious problem in the quality of daily life of patients. In this research, first, the functions of visual-spatial attention and risk decision-making of patients with Parkinson's disease were investigated with healthy people, and then the effect of deep brain stimulation surgery on the functions of visual-spatial attention and risk decision-making of patients with Parkinson's disease was investigated. Materials & Methods: The present research method is descriptive and causal-comparative in terms of comparing Parkinson's patients with healthy people, and in terms of investigating the effect of deep brain stimulation surgery on visual-spatial attention functions and risk decision-making in Parkinson's patients, it is interventional and pre-test-type. The post-test was with the control group and with the follow-up phase. The research sample included 20 patients with Parkinson's disease, 8 of whom were candidates for deep brain stimulation surgery and 12 of whom did not need surgery. Demographic profile form, Mini-mental state examination, Simon task and modified Cambridge risk taking task were performed on sample people. For the first part of the study, 12 healthy people were randomly selected and their score in visual-spatial attention performance and risk decision making was compared with the score of patients in the pre-test stage. In the second part of the research, due to the limitation of the number of surgeries that one person is operated on each week, with each test of a candidate for surgery, tests were also taken from a healthy person and a sick person, and this time interval until the end of the research and for all Patients continued. Finally, after 3 months of the post-test, the follow-up phase was done. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results The results showed that there was no significant difference between the average scores of visual-spatial attention performance in Simon's test in both healthy and sick groups (P<0.05); Also, there was a significant difference between the average scores of risk decision making performance in the modified Cambridge risk test in both healthy and sick groups (P<0.05). Finally, the results showed that deep brain stimulation was effective on the process of visual-spatial attention and risk decision-making in patients with Parkinson's disease (P<0.05). Conclusion These findings show that Parkinson's disease does not have much effect on visual-spatial attention functions, but it can affect the risk decision-making of people with Parkinson's disease; Also, performing deep brain stimulation surgery in Parkinson's patients did not have much effect on visual-spatial attention functions and risk decision-making of these patients.