Zeynab Aeeni

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on organizational performance, emphasizing the mediating role of opportunity recognition. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature and method. The statistical population comprised knowledge-based companies and startups in Kermanshah province that operate in the fields of technology, innovation, and the development of new businesses. Cochran’s formula was used to determine the sample size, and 141 managers and entrepreneurs from these companies were selected using stratified random sampling. After distributing the questionnaires, 124 valid and reliable responses were used for data analysis. The data collection tools included Dess & Lumpkin’s (2005) standard questionnaire for entrepreneurial orientation, Maltic’s (2015) questionnaire for organizational performance, and Pohaka’s (2010) questionnaire for opportunity recognition. The validity of the research instruments was assessed and confirmed through face validity, construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis), and convergent and discriminant validity. Moreover, the reliability of the questionnaires was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability, with the results indicating adequate reliability of the measurement instruments. To test the research hypotheses, the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method was employed using Smart PLS software. The research findings revealed that entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant impact on organizational performance, with a path coefficient of 0.478 and a significance level of 0.001 (P<0.001). Additionally, entrepreneurial orientation significantly affects opportunity recognition, supported by a path coefficient of 0.457 and a significance level of 0.001 (P<0.001). Furthermore, opportunity recognition has a significant impact on organizational performance, with a path coefficient of 0.443 and a significance level of 0.001 (P<0.001). Opportunity recognition plays a mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance. This implies that companies adopting entrepreneurial strategies can only achieve optimal performance if they can identify and leverage environmental opportunities. The findings suggest that entrepreneurial orientation alone is insufficient to enhance organizational performance; rather, opportunity recognition is a crucial mediating variable. Therefore, companies that adopt entrepreneurial strategies should place a special focus on market analysis capabilities, identifying opportunities, and capitalizing on them. Accordingly, it is recommended that the Kermanshah Science and Technology Park and startup incubators implement acceleration programs and specialized mentoring for knowledge-based companies and startups. This will enable these businesses to systematically identify entrepreneurial opportunities and utilize them to improve their organizational performance.

The phenomenon of the glass ceiling refers to social and organizational pressures that create obstacles for the presence of women in the management positions of high levels of companies. Although this concept exists in all organizations, it is particularly important in the accounting and auditing sector. The term glass ceiling refers to subtle or unnoticeable restrictions that prevent women from climbing the corporate ladder to senior positions. While progress has been made in the accounting profession to remove the glass ceiling, perceptions of its existence have adverse effects on available talent and may cause long-term problems for the profession. The purpose of this research is to investigate the perception of female accountants about the glass ceiling and the effect of organizational justice and leadership style on the glass ceiling perceived by female accountants. In this research, the information related to the research variables was collected through standard and valid questionnaires and the theoretical foundations of the research from the library, articles, etc. The statistical population of female accountants and auditors working in the private and public sectors in 1402 includes 180 samples. In order to test the hypotheses, structural equation method was used using Smart Pls software. The findings showed that the bias-oriented, culture-oriented and structure-oriented factors with the moderating role of transformational leadership have a significant effect on the understanding of female accountants about the glass ceiling. The results indicate that bias-oriented and culture-oriented factors have a positive and significant effect on women's understanding of the glass ceiling, while the structure-oriented factor with the moderating role of transformative leadership has a negative and significant effect on women's understanding of the glass ceiling. According to the results obtained and also the background of very little internal research about the accounting and auditing community, the results of this interdisciplinary research can be useful for employers and managers of the private and public sectors regarding giving importance and considering the meritocracy of personnel regardless of gender very important.

Today, every economic activity is formed in a framework of laws and regulations, and start-up activities are no exception to this rule. With the growth of the activity of these types of companies in recent years, the need for new rules in these innovative spaces is felt more than ever. Experts in this field believe that good infrastructures and laws have been approved in this sector, but startup activists, contrary to the opinion of experts, believe that these laws are facing serious weaknesses and due to the lack of an independent law that specifies the exact mechanism of their activities. , they complain and point to cases for which it seems mandatory for them to establish a law. Southeast Asian countries are leading in this process, however, Iranian startups have also tried their best to be leaders in this field. In this area, special laws have not yet been established and the government has left the hands of the activists as long as no complaints have been made and does not intervene, which has led to the satisfaction of the accelerator managers in this area and they believe that if it is approved The laws for each field are consulted by elders and activists, more efficiency and effectiveness will be achieved, and in the future, there will be fewer cases for appeal, and finally, in this article, the challenges that exist for the cooperation of large companies and startups in the startup ecosystem of Iran. Based on the interview with the activists of this field and the subsequent review of the experiences of successful ecosystems, it has been extracted and analyzed. In a conversation with the activists and experts of Iran's startup ecosystem, solutions were presented to improve the role of large companies in the ecosystem. The results of this study showed that each of the startups seeks to achieve specific and different goals, among which some The activities have created problems and their lack of mastery over the legal concepts and laws and regulations of the startups has made them face legal problems. Therefore, in this study, we are trying to act as follows: 1. Definition and importance of startups: First, a precise definition of startups is provided and their economic and innovative importance in the economic context of the country is examined. 2. Legal Challenges: Examining the legal issues that startups at different stages of growth and development may face, including company registration, intellectual property, labor and competition laws. 3. Criminal issues: analysis of possible crimes that can affect startups, such as privacy violations, information security violations, and financial crimes. 4. Competition and criminal law: how criminal laws affect the competitive environment and prevent anti-competitive behavior in the field of startups. 5. Legal suggestions: Providing solutions and suggestions to improve the legal and protective framework to support startups against criminal issues. 6. Case studies: Examining examples of legal cases related to startups in which criminal issues have been discussed. This research can help policymakers and legal activists to better understand the specific needs of startups and try to create a protective and restraining law that will help the growth and development of these types of companies. Startups, Legal issues, Large companies, Startup ecosystem, Investors.

The purpose of this research is the relationship between cognitive abilities and the recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities. The present research is placed in the applied research group in terms of purpose and in the descriptive survey type research in terms of data collectin. The statistical population in this study is infinite and includes all Iranian entrepreneurs. G-Power software has been used to determine the sample size, which was obtained by interfering with the size and statistical method used as sample. It was collected by a standard questionnaire in 1402. Also, the analysis of the collected data has been done using SPSS software. The results of this research show that the cognitive abilities of vigilance and self-confidence have a positive and meaningful effect on the recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities, as well as sleep quality and impairment. Attention-hyperactivity as moderating variables has an effect on alertness, self-confidence and opportunity recognition of entrepreneurs. Also, what was observed in this research is the relationship between sleep quality and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

The development of human resources and increasing the productivity of human resources as a necessity to improve human life and establish more prosperous societies, the peace and comfort of people is always considered a high goal for all governments and organizations. Productivity is primarily a mindset that always tries to improve what is currently available. One of the ways to increase the productivity of human resources is diversity management. In diversity management, diversity has generally been seen as a positive concept, through which it is possible to make maximum use of people's potential and organizational growth.The efficient management of diversity creates the basis for the emergence of initiative, the development of creativity and innovation, and the strengthening of the tendency to entrepreneurship. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between diversitymanagement and human resource productivity with the mediating role of entrepreneuria l orientation in companies located in the industrial town of Sanandaj.This research is applied from the point of view of objective and survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research is the active companies in the industrial city of Sanandaj city and the sampling method is available. The research data collection tool was a standard questionnaire based on the Likert scale and 93 questionnaires were collected. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through divergent and convergent validity and its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling based on partial least squares was used with SmartPLS3 software and SPSS26 software was used to perform statistical tests. The statistical tests used in this research were chosen after determining the normality of the data distribution.The research results show the confirmation of all four research hypotheses. In this way, diversity management has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial orientation on human resource productivity, and diversity management on human resource productivity. Also, diversity management and productivity of human resources have a positive and meaningful relationship with the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation in companies operating in the industrial city of Sanandaj.

The development of human resources and increasing the productivity of human resources as a necessity to improve human life and establish more prosperous societies, the peace and comfort of people is always considered a high goal for all governments and organizations. Productivity is primarily a mindset that always tries to improve what is currently available. One of the ways to increase the productivity of human resources is diversity management. In diversity management, diversity has generally been seen as a positive concept, through which it is possible to make maximum use of people's potential and organizational growth.The efficient management of diversity creates the basis for the emergence of initiative, the development of creativity and innovation, and the strengthening of the tendency to entrepreneurship. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between diversitymanagement and human resource productivity with the mediating role of entrepreneuria l orientation in companies located in the industrial town of Sanandaj.This research is applied from the point of view of objective and survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research is the active companies in the industrial city of Sanandaj city and the sampling method is available. The research data collection tool was a standard questionnaire based on the Likert scale and 93 questionnaires were collected. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through divergent and convergent validity and its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling based on partial least squares was used with SmartPLS3 software and SPSS26 software was used to perform statistical tests. The statistical tests used in this research were chosen after determining the normality of the data distribution.The research results show the confirmation of all four research hypotheses. In this way, diversity management has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial orientation on human resource productivity, and diversity management on human resource productivity. Also, diversity management and productivity of human resources have a positive and meaningful relationship with the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation in companies operating in the industrial city of Sanandaj.

Today, businesses have well realized that to remain competitive, they must use more creativity and innovation in their business. For this reason, they focus more seriously on this issue and look for suitable ways to improve their creativity, and one of the best solutions for this purpose is intra-organizational entrepreneurship. Intra-organizational entrepreneurship has the greatest impact on long-term organizational performance, especially adaptation and survival. Since these are the criteria that form the foundation of strategic management and the entrepreneurial process in an organization should be initiated at the strategic level, an entrepreneurial approach of strategic management allows the organization to respond to changes in the external environment with better preparedness. , adapted over time, continue to live. The current research is in the category of applied research in terms of its purpose, and in terms of classification based on the method of data collection, it is included in the category of correlational descriptive research. The statistical population of this research consists of all active small and medium-sized businesses in the industrial towns of Kurdistan province. The sample of this research is the employees of small and medium companies active in industrial cities. The sampling method is random and 384 people were selected as a sample. The data collection tool is a questionnaire and structural equation modeling has been used to analyze the data. The results of this research indicate that risk-taking, organizational structure, environmental factors, organizational support and job anxiety affect intra-organizational entrepreneurship, which have a greater impact on intra-organizational entrepreneurship among the dimensions of risk-taking with a path coefficient of 0.575.

Entrepreneurship is a concept that has always been with mankind, but in the current situation, as a new phenomenon, it has found effective knowledge in the economic progress of countries. Economic, social factors and policy measures can affect the level of entrepreneurship, public policies can affect entrepreneurship in different ways. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to investigate students' perception of the desirability and feasibility of entrepreneurship in an inefficient institutional environment (case study: private and public universities of Takhar, Afghanistan). In terms of purpose, this research is applied-developmental and among the different approaches of data collection through survey-descriptive. The research field of this research is the private and public universities of Takhar in Afghanistan, the number of these students is 5450 according to the latest statistics of the university, 20 people were considered as a statistical sample by means of targeted sampling, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The findings of the research showed that after analyzing the interviews, 122 initial codes were extracted and after that, the initial codes were extracted in the form of 4 core code categories of the meaning of entrepreneurship and entrepreneur, the advantage of entrepreneurship, support platforms for entrepreneurship and institutional challenges facing entrepreneurship. It was found that the first two categories of central codes affect students' perception of desirability and the second two central codes affect students' perception of the feasibility of entrepreneurship in the Afghan environment. Based on these findings, it can be stated that identifying factors affecting students' perception of the desirability and feasibility of the field will facilitate the design of effective educational policies and provide the necessary platforms to strengthen entrepreneurship in Afghanistan.

The environment is significantly impacted by consumer choices, to the extent that researchers attribute more than one-third of environmental damages to consumption. It is clear that if the trend of non-green consumption continues, the rate of environmental degradation could worsen from its current state. In this regard, various countries have implemented numerous laws and requirements to mitigate the harmful effects of production and consumption, offering a wide range of solutions and plans. Eco-label, as one of the crucial tools in green marketing and influential in consumer purchase behavior, by conveying environmental messages and information of the product from the producer to consumers, enables them to make decisions considering both human health and the environmental. studies on the impact of environmental labeling on green purchase behavior, considering the effect of mediating variables, are very limited. Furthermore, the young generation has rarely been examined in previous researches. Addressing this research gap, the present study assesses the effects of environmental labeling, considering the mediating variables of environmental concern and attitudes and the moderating role of religious values on the green purchasing behavior of young consumers. The research data were collected through a standard Likert scale questionnaire distributed among students at the University of Kurdistan using a convenience sampling method, with data from 342 questionnaires used for analysis. The proposed model was evaluated using the Partial Least Squares method with SmartPLS3 software, and descriptive statistical tests were conducted using SPSS27. Out of nine research hypotheses, six were confirmed, and three were rejected. The findings indicate that environmental labeling significantly and positively affects the green purchasing behavior of young consumers through environmental concerns and attitudes, but the moderating role of religious values in the relationship between environmental concern and attitudes and green purchasing behavior was not confirmed.

There are various issues in developing countries such as unemployment, the expansion and existence of informal jobs, and issues like this that have caused most people to promote the phenomenon of peddling; Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to investigate the role of the peddling phenomenon on the brand of Sanandaj city by considering the variables of gender and income level. In fact, it is an attempt to investigate the extent to which the phenomenon of peddling can affect the brand of Sanandaj city and what factors cause this phenomenon to arise and spread. It will be at the city level. This research is quantitative in terms of its practical purpose and approach, and the nature of the research was descriptive-survey and correlational. The current research was compiled in a certain period of time; Therefore, it is a cross-sectional collection method. The existing study method is field based because it is taken from books, articles and documents, etc. Also, the collection method, considering that it was small, a questionnaire was used, and the target population was collected from all the people living in Sanandaj who have made a purchase from a vendor at least once. Also, construct validity and content validity were examined and confirmed to confirm the validity of the content in the opinion of experts and professors of Kurdistan University. It was also examined and confirmed for construct validity through convergent validity and divergent validity. The statistical population was determined and 323 samples were examined and evaluated. The current research is based on the structural equation model, therefore smart pls4 and spss software were used. With the help of these softwares, the data was analyzed and Cronbach's alpha, the average variance extracted was checked. And to check the normality of the data, the tests available in the software have been used. Finally, the results showed that hand-selling has a positive and significant effect on the brand of Sanandaj city, taking into account the variables of gender and income level. Also, according to the available results, variables such as unemployment, tactility, laws and regulations, and purchase duration affect the peddling phenomenon. Therefore, the necessity of hand-selling phenomenon is necessary for Brandshahri, and finally, the findings of the research paved the way for further investigations in this field.

The economy of any country reflects its overall health, and the automotive industry is considered one of the important sectors of the economy that contributes to both the increase in gross domestic product and progress and development. International sanctions, as an external factor and mechanism, have created direct and indirect constraints and obstacles on this industry. Entrepreneurs and executives in this industry must strive to cope with these challenges, adopt strategies for survival, discover potential opportunities, and make the best use of them. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of international sanctions on automotive parts manufacturers in Iran. Furthermore, the research examines and explores the strategies employed by entrepreneurs to deal with these opportunities and constraints. The current study was conducted using a qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews. The snowball sampling technique was employed, and interviews and analysis continued until theoretical saturation was reached with seven entrepreneurs. The data were analyzed using MAXQUDA 2020 and Excel software. The initial output of the data was categorized into general and specialized characteristics of the participants and their businesses, the positive and negative impacts of international sanctions, and entrepreneurial strategies to cope with the sanctions. Subsequently, various codes, diagrams, and necessary graphs were extracted, and the data were analyzed from three perspectives: the direct and primary impacts of international sanctions, the indirect and secondary impacts of international sanctions, and entrepreneurial coping strategies. Finally, a conceptual diagram was created to illustrate the meaningful relationship between the strategies employed by entrepreneurs to deal with the impacts of international sanctions. The results indicate that the negative impacts of sanctions account for more than 80%. The strategies adopted by entrepreneurs in this industry have been effective in maintaining survival, but they have been deprived of cutting-edge technology, equipment, and global raw materials. Moreover, some of the constraints may not be easily compensable.

Entrepreneurship is a concept that has been examined from different perspectives and is known as the driving engine of technology development and productive employment. Entrepreneurs play an important role in the cycle of business creation and the cognitive capabilities of these people in entrepreneurship research It is of great importance. Among the capabilities investigated in this research are: vigilance, self-confidence and risk-taking. Recently, much attention has been paid to the factors affecting the mental health of entrepreneurs and their behavioral characteristics, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. As a result, due to the lack of research with this topic inside the country and the existence of research with topics similar to the subject of our research outside the country, in this research, we will look at the effect of cognitive abilities on the formation of entrepreneurial intention and the variable effect of ADHD on the relationship between We discuss cognitive abilities and entrepreneurial intention. It can be said that this research is one of the first researches that examines the mental health of people in their entrepreneurial behaviors and processes. The current research is quantitative in terms of its practical purpose, and survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population in question is students studying at the University of Kurdistan's Faculty of Engineering in three levels: bachelor's, master's, and doctorate. Considering the number of students (the size of the target population) which includes 3500 engineering students, the statistical sample size considered for data collection in this research was 346 people based on Morgan's table. Data analysis is based on structural equations and the tools used in this research are pls version 3 and spss version 26 software. The remarkable finding in this research is that attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder has a negative and significant effect on the relationship between self-confidence and entrepreneurial intention. The current research can provide a basis for designing and revising entrepreneurship education for ADHD children, especially during childhood.

This study aims to identify resource acquisition strategies by female entrepreneurs within the framework of the resource-oriented approach. The present research is considered a qualitative research method in terms of objective, applied research type, method type, and data collection method. The statistical population included 10 female entrepreneurs in two provinces of Kermanshah and Kurdistan, which were selected by a targeted method and using the snowball technique. The main tool of data collection in the field section includes semi-structured interviews. In the qualitative analysis, theme analysis and Max Kyuda software were used. For coding, the text of each interview was segmented and a code was considered for each segment (the basis of the segment was the meaning, content, and theme that covered the purpose of the research) and we chose the name of each code in a way that accurately and objectively describes it. The part is specified. The result of this step was the identification of a large number of codes, among which there were many common concepts and meanings. After screening several times, these codes were merged with each other considering the similarities and differences, which resulted in the extraction of subcategories and categories. After developing the model, expert consensus was used to check validity. In order to check the reliability of the model by using expert opinions, by using the process evaluation form and the structure of the final model, the method of agreement between evaluators was used. Based on the results of the qualitative analysis of six main components and 13 sub-components, which are: management of entrepreneurial resources (program and vision of entrepreneurship and management of physical assets), challenges of acquiring entrepreneurial resources (economic challenge, cultural challenge and social challenge), the nature of resources Entrepreneurship (tangible resources and intangible resources), factors driving the acquisition of entrepreneurial resources (individual driving factors and structural driving factors), psychological dimensions of entrepreneurship (entrepreneur personality traits and entrepreneurial approach), consequences of acquiring entrepreneurial resources (enhancing entrepreneurial resources and advantages Acquiring entrepreneurial resources) was identified as the main components and sub-components of resource acquisition strategies by female entrepreneurs.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial skills in obtaining bank financial resources of small and medium enterprises in Kurdistan province by examining the moderating role of previous experience. According to the purpose and nature of the subject, this research is of a descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of the present research is 762 owners/managers of active and semi-active small and medium enterprises (less than 100 employees) with industrial exploitation licenses in Kurdistan province who have used bank facilities as working capital or fixed capital. 255 people have been selected as a statistical sample through the sample size determination formula to estimate the success ratio and to answer the questions of the questionnaire. The measurement tool is a standard consolidated questionnaire including standard demographic, financing, innovation, communication (networking) and previous experience questionnaires, the validity of the questionnaires along with the general and specific objectives has been confirmed by 10 experts (management professors). and the reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by calculating Cronbach's alpha for each of the research indicators, and considering that most of the obtained coefficients are greater than 0.70, it indicates the reliability of the tool is acceptable. In order to statistically analyze the data, smart-pls software has been used in two levels, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The findings of the two main hypotheses of the research show that there is a direct, positive and significant effect between entrepreneurial competencies (innovation and communication) and access to bank facilities. But in examining the effect of entrepreneurship competencies (innovation and communication) and obtaining banking facilities with the moderating role of previous experience, it is clear that the moderating variable of previous experience only has a direct and significant effect on communication competence in obtaining banking facilities, and the effect of this variable on competence Innovation in obtaining bank facilities has been rejected.

The COVID-19 pandemic, as a global crisis, has had extensive impacts on various industries. Among them, the hospitality industry has been significantly affected by this crisis, posing multiple challenges for all its sectors, including human resource management. The unique characteristics of Kish Island, such as its special geography, natural resources, recreational and tourist facilities, reliance on tourism and the hospitality industry, as well as its special financial and economic conditions, have exacerbated the challenges of the COVID-19 crisis in this region. This thesis aims to identify the challenges arising from COVID-19 on human resource management in the hospitality industry of Kish Island and to identify counter-strategies. To achieve this, a qualitative research method and a case study approach were chosen. The study population consisted of senior managers of hotels on Kish Island, selected using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather the perspectives and experiences of senior managers in dealing with human resource challenges during COVID-19, as well as their counter-strategies. The research results indicate that the COVID-19 crisis has created multiple challenges for human resource management in Kish Island's hotels at individual, organizational, and environmental levels. These challenges include concerns about COVID-19, staff illness, staff adjustment to new conditions, increased workload, service recovery management, organization, HR resource management, economic problems for hotels, training of new staff, crisis management, the unique geographical location of Kish, a shortage of skilled labor in Kish, the destructive nature of COVID-19, political issues, and government support for the hospitality industry, among others. The strategies implemented in response to these challenges were tailored to individual, organizational, and environmental levels. Strategies such as employee training and empowerment, enhancing mental well-being and staff motivation, improving managerial skills, service recovery strategies, financial and non-financial incentives, delegation of authority, cost reduction measures, emotional and financial support, and the development of new protocols were observed. The findings of this research not only contribute to a better understanding of the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the hospitality industry but also provide effective strategies for human resource management in crisis situations to hotel managers and owners. This study can serve as a general model for human resource management in the hospitality industry in other regions as well.

Nowadays, factors such as environmental changes, globalization of markets and technological developments have made the business environment more complex, and organizations must always adapt to these changes in order to remain in the cycle of competition. An effective strategy for managing these unpredictable changes is organizational agility. Agility helps organizations to quickly identify opportunities and take advantage of them. One of the basic characteristics of agile organizations is their knowledge-based nature. Efficient knowledge management leads to expansion of information exchange among employees, creation of creative ideas, development of innovation and reinforce entrepreneurial orientation, and in this way provides the context for the organization to achieve agility. According to this, the aim of this research is to investigate the effect of knowledge management on organizational agility considering the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation in active businesses based in the Science and Technology Park of Kurdistan province. This research has been conducted relying upon a survey. Data has been gathered from businesses located in science and technology park of Kurdistan province. The data collection tool is a standardized questionnaire based on the Likert scale, and 143 questionnaires were collected out of 155 questionnaires distributed among the managers and experts of the businesses. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through convergent and Discriminant validity, and its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Structural equation modeling based on partial least squares (PLS) with SmartPLS3 software is used for data analysis, and SPSS26 software is used for conducting statistical tests. The statistical tests used in this research were chosen after determining the normality of the data distribution; So that for data with normal distribution, parametric tests are used and for data with non-normal distribution, non-parametric tests are used. The results show that knowledge management has a positive and significant effect on organizational agility and entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on organizational agility. The main finding of this study is that knowledge management through reinforcing entrepreneurial orientation has a significant impact on organizational agility.

Introduction: In order to target the needs of particular consumers, it is now necessary to comprehend the values, motivations, attitudes, and habits of a generation. Since a decade ago, it has been clear to all that a new generation is about to emerge and be born, and that many aspects of its world, its era, and its opportunities are unprecedented in all of human history. The Alpha generation is fundamentally different from earlier generations and has a significant role as consumers. They are increasingly influencing their parents' purchasing decisions, and many major international corporations have chosen and paid attention to this generation as their primary customers, however, very few companies are aware of them. Therefore, the current research foucused on understanding the consumer behavior of the Generation Alpha (children born in or after 2010) considering their psychological aspects, including attitude and behavioral habits. Method: The current research is in view of the practical purpose and nature of qualitative data using an existential-phenomenological strategy of an interpretive nature with a judgmental non-parametric sampling method. The statistical population consisted of 20 parents with children between the ages of 3 and 13 who were contacted through schools in the city of Sanandaj and their lived experiences were collected using a semi-structured interview tool that was validated by experts. Thematic analysis technique according to Braun and Clarke's method was used to analyze the data with a test-retest reliability of 85% and inter-coder reliability of 82%. Findings: By analyzing the data, 628 codes, 81 sub-themes and 26 main themes, of which 20 main themes are in three dimensions of attitude, i.e. quick and easy access, reference group, economic perspective in purchasing, perceived risks, perceived product quality, being family-oriented, media as selection criteria, being healthy and organic, leisure activities and innovative behavior lie in the cognitive dimension of attitude; identification with famous personalities, product beauty, attractiveness of the shopping environment, granting of the right to vote, innate search for novelty, hedonic consumption and emotional advertising lie in the emotional dimension of attitude; avoidance behavior, factors of the shopping environment and cognitive dissonance lie in the behavioral dimension of consumer attitudes and 6 other main themes in the two dimensions of habits, i.e. social reward and emotional reward , lie in the reward dimension of habits, and spatial stimuli, emotional stimuli, past events and other people lie in the symptom dimension of habits. Finally, companies and advertisers have presented strategies for managing, controlling and predicting Generation Alpha attitudes and behavior. Discussion: According to analyses done on the attitudes of Alpha generation consumers, this generation in Iranian society combines three components of emotion, behavior, and cognition through standard (attitude based on cognitive information processing) and experiential learning (attitude based on hedonic consumption) hierarchies to create its own attitude and furthermore, this alpha generation makes more purchases of goods with a utilitarian purpose when viewed from the standpoint of attitude functions. When it comes to the behavioral habits of the alpha generation of consumers, egoistic reward is the most rewarding aspect of the habit, and when it comes to the habit's sign, environmental (external) signs are regarded as the most effective sign in the repetition of habits.

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are an important part of the economy and play a vital role in economic development. The development and prosperity of SMEs will help countries to overcome macroeconomic problems. This shows the importance of evaluating the performance of SMEs. An entrepreneurial activity is one of the basic elements in reviving the economic situation in any country that desires to develop and rise. In the long run, any economic progress and success in any country depends on creative methods or entrepreneurial actions and activities. Entrepreneurship is one of the factors that directly or indirectly impact the economy of a nation; it plays an important role in shaping a country's economic landscape. In addition, entrepreneurial orientation is a key ingredient for organizational success and it leads to higher financial performance. Hence, the research will clarify the interaction between the entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMEs. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this research consists of SMEs all middle managers and operational managers and employees or owners and founders of businesses active in Iran Small Industries and Parks Organization (ISIPO) number 1 and 3 in Sanandaj city. According to the statistics of the ISIPO, there are 280 businesses, with an average of 3 to 5 people working in each business. Based on this, the sample of this research was obtained using Cochran's formula, 384 people. The sampling method is available as a choice. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, and SPSS and Smart-PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results of this research indicate that among the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation, innovation with a path coefficient of 0.578 has the greatest impact and competitive aggressiveness with a path coefficient of 0.356 has the least impact on the performance of SMEs.

The purpose of the current research is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial passion on entrepreneurial orientation with the mediating role of entrepreneurial consciousness. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection method and specifically a combination of descriptive-causal type and quantitative in terms of data type. The method of data collection is from the library and internet method in order to get familiar with the literature and the background of the research and the field method in order to collect the required data from the people included in the statistical sample. The statistical population in this study consists of knowledge-based companies in Kermanshah provinces. whose number is 64 companies, due to the limited number of managers and vice-presidents of knowledge-based companies, the available sampling method was used and 4 people from each company, including the manager and three vice-presidents (deputy financial, administrative and sales manager and manager executive) a total of 256 people were invited to cooperate. With this sample size, the structural equation sampling standards have also been observed. To measure the components and variables used in the research, standard questionnaires consisting of 25 questions and based on a 5-point Likert scale were used. With the help of PLS statistical software, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire and related tests were conducted on the research hypotheses. With the investigations carried out in the statistical tests of the research, the effect of entrepreneurial passion on entrepreneurial tendency was confirmed with the mediating role of entrepreneurial awareness, this view can create a basis for creating a positive change in the activity environment of knowledge-based companies in all dimensions and using different dimensions of business. be in the organization

علی‌رغم برخی پیشرفت‌‌های اخیر، زنان در دسترسی به پست‌‌های مدیریتی با مشکلات بیشتری روبرو هستند. زنان یکی از سرمایه های با ارزش هر کشور به خصوص درکشورهای در حال توسعه هستند. از آنجایی که برابری جنسیتی یکی از اهداف توسعه پایدار است، توسعه و به کارگیری نیمی از استعدادهای موجود در جهان به خصوص در پست‌های مدیریتی، تأثیر بسزایی در رشد، رقابت و آمادگی اقتصادها و مشاغل جهان در آینده دارد. بنابراین این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی و الویت‌بندی موانع دستیابی زنان به پست‌های مدیریتی صورت گرفت همچنین تاثیر متغیرهای جمعیت‌شناختی بر روی موانع مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پژوهش حاضر در بازه زمانی مهر ماه سال 1401 لغایت بهمن ماه سال 1401 انجام گرفته است. جهت تحقق هدف پژوهش ابتدا با بررسی مبانی نظری و پیشینه پژوهش شاخص‌های اندازه‌گیری هر یک از مولفه‌ها و ابعاد مورد بررسی در این پژوهش استخراج و در نهایت چارچوب مفهومی پژوهش تدوین شد. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ گردآوری داده‌ها توصیفی- پیمایشی است. داده‌های مورد نیاز در این مطالعه با استفاده از پرسشنامه و بر اساس طیف 5 گزینه‌ای لیکرت جمع‌آوری گردید، جامعه آماری پژوهش نیز شامل مدیران زن در صنایع مختلف کشور در سازمان‌های دولتی، نیمه دولتی و خصوصی است. داده‌های مورد نیاز برای انجام پژوهش با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس از میان 384 نفر از مدیران زن سازمان‌های ایرانی به-دست آمده است. جهت تایید روایی از نظر اساتید خبره استفاده شد و از آلفای کرونباخ جهت سنجش انسجام درونی ابزارها بهره گرفته شده است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام شد. جهت آزمون فرضیه‌ها از آزمون دو‌جمله‌ای و برای رتبه بندی موانع از آزمون فریدمن استفاده شد. برای بررسی نقش متغیرهای جمعیت‌شناختی از آزمون کروسکال_ والیس و یو -من‌_ ویتنی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که از میان 7 مانع شناسایی شده، فرهنگ سازمانی اولین و مهم‌ترین مانع، سیاست‌های منابع انسانی و ارزیابی عملکرد نابرابر مانع‌های دوم و سوم، تعادل کار و خانواده مانع چهارم و عدم دسترسی به شبکه‌های تاثیرگذار پنجمین مانع هستند که باعث عدم دستیابی زنان به پست‌های مدیریتی می‌شوند و کلیشه‌های جنستی و موانع انگیزشی از دیدگاه مدیران زن به عنوان مانع تایید نشدند. یافته‌ها بیانگر این است که مدیران زن به باورهای کلیشه‌ای که در مورد زنان وجود دارد، اعتقاد ندارند و معتقدند که این باورها از طرف جامعه به آنها تحمیل می‌شود. همچنین نتایج نقش عوامل جمعیت‌شناختی روی متغیرها نشان داد که تنها متغیرهای سیاست‌های منابع انسانی و عدم دسترسی به شبکه‌های تاثیرگذار در صنایع تولیدی، خدماتی و بازرگانی تفاوت معناداری نشان دادند.

Rural digital hubs offer physical spaces with fast, reliable internet access that provide a whole range of business and community support services in rural areas. Digital hubs can target digital literacy and help bridge the digital skills gap, or simply provide a much-needed broadband connection in rural areas. The current research was carried out with the aim of obtaining a process model for the adoption of rural digital innovation centers based on the approach of customer satisfaction in villages, in order to better understand this phenomenon. The research strategy used is qualitative-exploratory method, which was carried out using the grand theory. The sampling used in this research was the snowball method, based on which 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts. The product of the analysis of the interviews was a set of primary concepts that were compiled and from which 16 categories, by means of open coding process, were extracted. Then, in the axial coding stage, the link between these categories was determined under the following titles: causal conditions, central phenomenon, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and the consequences of the adoption of rural digital innovation centers based on the customer satisfaction approach was determined in the form of the axial coding paradigm. In the selective coding stage, the categories were improved and integrated. The categories identified in this research are as follows; Causal conditions: economic deficiencies, socio-cultural deficiencies, implementation of education in a traditional way Contextual conditions: infrastructures, structural characteristics of the village, demographic composition.Intervening conditions: weakness and lack of unity in policy making, inefficient planning of rural affairs, profiteering in rural productions.Strategies: identification of resources and potentials, functions of innovation centers, pre-training.Consequences: socio-cultural development, economic development, intelligentization of agricultural exchanges, strengthening of political education. This model will help in acceptance of digitalization in rural areas.

Rural digital hubs offer physical spaces with fast, reliable internet access that provide a whole range of business and community support services in rural areas. Digital hubs can target digital literacy and help bridge the digital skills gap, or simply provide a much-needed broadband connection in rural areas. The current research was carried out with the aim of obtaining a process model for the adoption of rural digital innovation centers based on the approach of customer satisfaction in villages, in order to better understand this phenomenon. The research strategy used is qualitative-exploratory method, which was carried out using the grand theory. The sampling used in this research was the snowball method, based on which 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts. The product of the analysis of the interviews was a set of primary concepts that were compiled and from which 16 categories, by means of open coding process, were extracted. Then, in the axial coding stage, the link between these categories was determined under the following titles: causal conditions, central phenomenon, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and the consequences of the adoption of rural digital innovation centers based on the customer satisfaction approach was determined in the form of the axial coding paradigm. In the selective coding stage, the categories were improved and integrated. The categories identified in this research are as follows; Causal conditions: economic deficiencies, socio-cultural deficiencies, implementation of education in a traditional way Contextual conditions: infrastructures, structural characteristics of the village, demographic composition.Intervening conditions: weakness and lack of unity in policy making, inefficient planning of rural affairs, profiteering in rural productions.Strategies: identification of resources and potentials, functions of innovation centers, pre-training.Consequences: socio-cultural development, economic development, intelligentization of agricultural exchanges, strengthening of political education. This model will help in acceptance of digitalization in rural areas.

Exploiting business opportunities as the main feature of entrepreneurship is an entrepreneurial action that includes strategic planning to achieve potential opportunities for starting a business. Entrepreneurs seek to take advantage of entrepreneurial opportunities, they face unusual challenges along the way. Sustainable entrepreneurship as a new research field is focused on the exploitation of business opportunities, in addition to providing new processes, products and services, to contribute to the development of society, economy and environmental protection. Digital technologies and digitization also develop the possibilities available to sustainable entrepreneurs and provide many opportunities for entrepreneurial activities. Considering the double challenges facing sustainable entrepreneurs compared to regular entrepreneurs and the expansion of digital businesses, the purpose of this research is to determine the entrepreneur who has identified a sustainable digital entrepreneurial opportunity at the time of exploiting the opportunity. And what challenges, limitations and obstacles does the business start-up face? The statistical population includes businesses that have been launched in the field of sustainable digital entrepreneurship in Kurdistan province. Using the purposeful sampling method and the snowball technique, 8 entrepreneurs, managers and founders of businesses who were active in the field of sustainable digital entrepreneurship, or whose field of activity was somehow related to this field, were selected. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. In order to develop and analyze the data, the method of theme analysis has been used. Examining the results of the interviews showed that psychological skills and communication skills under the individual level, human resources skills and organizational behavior, financial and investment skills and marketing skills under the business level, official institutional factors and Informal, economic factors and unpredictable factors below the environmental level are serious challenges that sustainable digital entrepreneurs face while exploiting the opportunity and starting a business. The findings of this research provide valuable insights for future entrepreneurs in order to make more informed decisions and actions, as well as for politicians in designing laws and policies to eliminate these challenges and pave the way for entrepreneurs to exploit opportunities.

هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی بررسی رابطه پدیده های بازدارنده اجتماعی و رشد و فناوری در شرکت های مستقر در پارک های علم و فناوری استان کردستان می باشد. با توجه به این که هدف پژوهش حاضر توصیف شرایط یا پدیده ای خاص می باشد، بنابراین از لحاظ ماهیت و روش، از نوع پژوهش های توصیفی- پیمایشی بوده و از دیدگاه هدف، در زمره پژوهش های کاربردی به شمار می آید. از آن جایی که به دنبال بررسی رابطه بین دو متغیر با مولفه ها و مدل مشخص می باشد از نوع تحقیقات همبستگی محسوب می شود. از دید زمانی و اجرایی نیز، یک پژوهش مقطعی- عرضی به شمار می آید. ابزار سنجش این پژوهش از نوع پرسشنامه می باشد که در بین مدیران و کارکنان شرکت های مستقر در پارک های علم و فناوری و اساتید دانشگاه و کارکنان و مدیران دانشگاه های کردستان و آزاد اسلامی، توزیع شده است. داده های بدست آمده از پرسشنامه در دو بخش آمار توصیفی و استنباطی با استفاده از نرم افزارهای نرم افزار آماری علوم اجتماعی مورد پردازش و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج بدست آمده از این مطالعه نشان داد که بر مبنای یافته های فرضیات پژوهش تایید شده اند و لذا می توان بیان داشت، عوامل روانشناختی بر رشد شرکت های مستقر در مراکز رشد دانشگاهی استان کردستان موثر بوده اند.

تغییرات اقلیمی، گرم شدن کره زمین و چالش های که در اثر این تغییرات موجب بوجود آمدن مفاهیم تازه در فرایند فعالیت های کسب و کار ها شد، که یکی از این مفاهیم نوآوری سبز است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش شناسایی دلایل روآوری به نوآوری سبز، چالش های موجود در راستای نوآوری سبز و همچنان واکنش شرکت در مواجهه با چالش ها، می باشد. مورد تحت مطالعه شرکت بهیر مستقر در شهر کابل می باشد. این پژوهش کیفی است و از نظر هدف کاربردی بوده و از منظر جمع آوری داده ها توصیفی می باشد. نمونه آماری پژوهش 10 نفر از مدیران و پایوران شرکت مورد مطالعه بوده و ابزار گردآوری داده ها مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته می باشد. بعد از مرور و بررسی مصاحبه ها اقدام به کدگذاری مفاهیم اولیه صورت گرفت. در نتیجه 80 کد باز شناسایی شدند که بعد از پالایش و بازبینی در نهایت 11 کد محوری که مرتبط با سوالات تحقیق هستند استخراج گردید.